Development and Evaluation of a Real-Time Hourly One-Kilometre Gridded Multisource Fusion Air Temperature Dataset in China Based on Remote Sensing DEM

High-resolution gridded 2 m air temperature datasets are important input data for global and regional climate change studies, agrohydrologic model simulations numerical weather predictions, etc. In this study, the digital elevation (DEM) is used to correct forecasts produced by ECMWF. The multi-grid variation formulation method then fuse from corrected ground automatic station observations. fused dataset covers area over (0–60°N, 70–140°S), where different underlying surfaces exist, such as plains, basins, plateaus, mountains. spatial temporal resolutions 1 km h, respectively. comparison of fusion with verification observations, including 2400 stations, indicates that accuracy superior European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data. This because a more significant number stations high-resolution terrain generate than utilized in obtained can describe feature peaks valleys precisely. Due its continuous coverage consistent quality, one China’s most widely datasets. However, uncertainty will increase areas sparse observations high mountains, we must be cautious when using these areas.